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What does ‘good food’ mean to you?

July 10, 2026

This article is written by Isabela Bonnevera, PhD candidate at ICTA-UAB and 2023 Community-Engaged Research Funding Program recipient. In collaboration with the , her project uses Photovoice to create space for racialized immigrant women in Vancouver to share how they define and access food they consider to be good for people and the planet.

What is the “Good Food” Project?

looks at how immigrant women in Vancouver understand the concept of sustainable food and what challenges they face interacting with the food system. More generally, it seeks to understand how sustainable food transitions can better include diverse ways of knowing about and relating to food, , where a lot of exciting work on food systems is taking place. 

As I started to dive into food systems literature, I was struck by how research around sustainable food seemed to frame “sustainability” as a fixed, static concept, as well as how it appeared that many “alternative” food movements in highly multicultural Global North cities still largely exclude immigrant communities.

I wanted to understand what “sustainable food” means to folks with different cultural backgrounds, as well as to amplify the ways that immigrant communities engage with sustainability in the food system, even if their voices aren’t always heard in formal decision-making processes. 

The project brought together eight women citizen scientists from across Metro Vancouver: Maryam (Iran), Desiree (the Philippines), Makia (Afghanistan), Ana María (Peru), Regine (Singapore), Jean (China), Selam (Eritrea), and Swati (India). The CERi grant allowed me to pay participants a living wage for their participation. Recruiting and administration were supported by the Pacific Immigrant Resources Society (PIRS). I received further support from Dr. Wallapak Polasub at KPU-ISFS, who provided us with delicious lunches and allowed us to use her workspace!

Photovoice as an embodied research method for policy influence

Photovoice is a participatory research method that uses photographic storytelling to capture people’s everyday experiences. This methodology focuses on the lived realities of participants, allowing them to steer the framing and outcomes of the research. 

In the case of our project, we met every week for a month: first agreeing on a research question (“What does “good food” mean to you, and where and how do you access it/struggle to access it?”), and then sharing stories and photos before analyzing and coding the photos for key themes together as a group. (You can find more information about this process inhere.)

Our project culminated with a presentation of our findings to the Vancouver Food Policy Council in September 2024. The presentation was well-received and many attendees followed up afterwards to ask for further materials. We also published a, as well as two videos about the project (a four-minute one , and a 60-second one ). 

Participants reported that they found participating in the Photovoice project itself very empowering: not only presenting their findings to the Vancouver Food Policy Council, but also just having the space to come together once a week to share their stories and identify shared struggles in a multi-cultural setting. 

In their words — what “good food” means to me

Healthy Environment, Healthy Citizens

This photo shows that someone ate a pizza and left the box as trash on the street near a building, even though a garbage bin was very close by. It is so important to clean up your environment. A clean environment is good for you and your neighbours, making us healthy and happy citizens; when our environment is dirty, it can make us sick and less productive. – Makia, Afghanistan

On the Boardwalk

To me, this photo represents life. The sun, the light blue of the sky, and an orange make me feel happy, refreshed, and full of energy. Oranges contain a significant amount of water and vitamin C which is helpful to stay hydrated on sunny days. Before, when I was physically or mentally tired, I would drink black tea with sugar, which was bad for my health. Now, I have an orange. I also find the contrast in colour between the pomegranate and the orange beautiful. Colour creates happiness, and that is good for mental health. This is especially important for immigrant women, who have experienced many changes. – Maryam, Iran

Magic Spices

This is an Indian spice box. It is full of healthy herbs and spices, and has the magic to create good food for my family. The spice box is spiritual: for example, the turmeric represents the calmness of the body. Spices provide us with the critical nutrients we need for good moods, and the experience of consuming them creates an emotional release. Mood is also an important component of good food: your positive energy goes into the food you cook for your family. Some of these spices are much more expensive to buy in Canada, so I grind more potent versions at home myself. – Swati, India

Homegrown Garlic

Garlic sprouts are common in China. Over there, we don't grow them because they are easy to buy from the store. Here in Canada, they are harder to find and more expensive, so growing them in water at home has become a cherished endeavour. This simple yet fulfilling process allows me to enjoy a touch of freshness and flavour. As the vibrant green shoots emerge, they signify resilience and self-sustainability; the sprouts are so hardy that you can even grow them in the wintertime.  – Jean, China

A Taste of Home

This small, family-run Eritrean restaurant in Burnaby is my beacon. It offers dishes from home that taste like nostalgia, bridges the gap of homesickness with comfort and hope, and creates a feeling of home away from home. The restaurant follows Orthodox Christian traditions like serving dishes free from meat and dairy on Wednesdays and Fridays, and certain religious holidays. It also uses halal meat; in Eritrea, I did not eat halal, but here in Canada, I prefer its taste to conventional meats. – Selam, Eritrea

Thanksgiving, With a Twist

This picture shows a Canadian Thanksgiving dinner with an Indonesian rice platter and traditional side dishes served alongside a classic turkey. It was enjoyed at home with Indonesian friends whose cuisine is similar to that of my home country, Singapore. Since migrating here, my family has learned to 

adapt to a new multicultural environment and new foods, especially seasonal foods. My first year in Canada, I missed food from home a lot, but now, my tastes and relationship to food are changing; I think more healthy ingredients, and how to balance health and taste with affordability.  – Regine, Singapore

Bringing People Together

A block away from my building is this restaurant which I thought was remarkable. The word ‘halal’ (as I’ve learned through a friend means how food is carefully prepared with minimal suffering to the animal. This expands Chinese cuisine to cater to a wide range of people and their specific dietary needs, which feels more inclusive and encourages diverse communities to co-mingle, so the name of the restaurant seems purposeful — what a genuine way to bring people together through food. – Desiree, the Philippines

A Community of Sharing

At first glance, the small lemon-jelly box might seem insignificant, but to me, it represents something much deeper—an act of sharing. I am part of a neighbourhood group where we share items like food (including this jelly box), clothing, tools, and furniture. In our group, every contribution matters. I have seen neighbours share everything from a half loaf of bread to a complete dining set, as well as skills and services, such as providing transportation to doctor’s appointments. What we truly share, however, is care, time, and a sense of community. I’m grateful to be part of this group, where every act of sharing connects us to a larger network of kindness and generosity. – Ana María, Peru

Key takeaways

Immigrants as sustainability actors

In their photos and stories, participants emphasized the importance of social sustainability — an element of sustainable food systems that often gets overlooked when environmental sustainability is prioritized. Many of their stories centered around the potential for food to build stronger community bonds.

Holistic definitions of “goodness”

In addition to the social element, participants had wonderfully nuanced and diverse ways of thinking about “good” food, particularly around smell, colour, and symbolism, adding richness and texture to more traditional metrics like nutritional content, cost, and environmental footprint. 

Change and adaptation

Participants shared stories about the ways they adapt to a new and unfamiliar food environment, adapting their cooking methods and taste while retaining ties to their home cultures and identities — providing a blueprint for how we can think about making the dietary changes (e.g., eating more local food and less meat) necessary to combat climate change. 

Learn more about the “Good Food” Project:

  • Long video:

  • Short video:

  • Photobook and policy brief:

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