911吃瓜


Barry Douglas Truax B. Sc., M. Mus., DFA (Hon.), C.M. (b. 10 May 1947) is a Canadian composer of electroacoustic music, writer and teacher. He is best known for his association with the World Soundscape Project1 at 911吃瓜 (911吃瓜), his development of granular synthesis and multi-channel soundscape compositions1, and his books Acoustic Communication (1984, 2001) and the Handbook for Acoustic Ecology (1978, 1999). He is the only Canadian recipient of the Magisterium award at the International Competition of Electroacoustic Music, Bourges, France, in 19911. In June 2025, 911吃瓜 awarded him an Honorary Doctorate of Fine Arts2 and in December 2025, he was appointed to the Order of Canada17.
Biography

He was born in Chatham, Ontario. He obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in physics and mathematics from Queen's University in 1969, and a Master of Music degree from the University of British Columbia in 19711. His academic path further led him to the Institute of Sonology at Utrecht University from 1971 to 1973, where he studied electronic and computer composition under the guidance of Gottfried Michael Koenig and Otto Laske1. During this period, he created the POD system of interactive composition with digital synthesis, including FM (Frequency Modulation) synthesis1 that he learned from its initial creator John Chowning. In 1977 his Sonic Landscape No. 3 won first prize in the computer music category of the Fifth International Competition of Electroacoustic Music in Bourges1.

His career encompasses a wide spectrum of activities, including musical composition, the study of acoustic ecology, academic publications and advancements in sound technology. For most of his career, Truax was associated with Simon Fraser University, where he now holds the title of Professor Emeritus2.

In 1973, R. Murray Schafer invited Truax to join the World Soundscape Project (WSP) at 911吃瓜1. The WSP, initiated by Schafer, focused on the emerging field of acoustic ecology, aiming to increase public awareness about the sonic environment and address the growing issue of noise pollution. Truax initially served as a research assistant and later took on the role of director for the project following Schafer鈥檚 departure from 911吃瓜 in 19753. During this period, he edited the Handbook for Acoustic Ecology, first published in 1978. This reference work compiled essential terminology from the fields of acoustics, psychoacoustics, electroacoustics and soundscape studies, providing a scientific foundation for the developing discipline. The Handbook was later released in various formats, including a CD-ROM edition in 1999 and an online version, making it widely accessible to researchers and students4.

Truax and Schafer defined the term soundscape as how that environment is perceived and understood by those living within it4. Truax鈥檚 broader contributions to acoustic ecology include the development of theoretical frameworks for understanding the relationship between humans and their sonic environments. The project provided a framework for him to integrate his scientific and musical backgrounds to explore the complexities of the sonic environment4.
Compositional Work

Truax is known for his development of real-time granular synthesis, a technique that involves the creation and manipulation of up to thousands of extremely short sound grains, typically lasting between 10 and 50 milliseconds1. In 1986, he developed the GSX computer music system at 911吃瓜, which enabled the first real-time implementation of this technique as used in his composition Riverrun (1986)3 Inspired by the opening word of James Joyce's Finnegans Wake, Riverrun utilizes thousands of minute sound droplets to construct a dense and constantly evolving sonic texture, metaphorically representing the flow of a river. It was awarded the Magisterium prize at the International Competition of Electroacoustic Music in Bourges in 19911 and was included as one of 10 significant works in the Oxford publication Inside Computer Music5. Other compositions by Truax that feature granular synthesis include Wings of Nike (1987)6 and Tongues of Angels (1988).

Truax's approach to soundscape composition is characterized by the creative use of recognizable environmental sounds to evoke specific associations, memories, and imaginative responses in the listener. He operates under a philosophy of context-based creation, where the environmental context of the sounds is intentionally preserved, enhanced, and exploited by the composer. His compositional techniques exist on a continuum, ranging from found sound compositions that remain very close to the original recorded environment to more abstracted works that involve significant transformations of these recordings. Pacific Fanfare (1996) is comprised of sound signals from Vancouver. 笔别苍诲濒别谤诲谤酶尘 (1997) evokes a commuter鈥檚 train journeys including daydreams. La Sera di Benevento (1999) represents a soundwalk in the Italian city of the title. Dominion (1991) involves 12 instrumentalists combined with recordings of Canadian soundmarks from coast to coast. The title track of his Islands CD, Island (2000), depicts a sonic journey to a magical realm. All of these works7 are published on his Cambridge Street label which he founded in 19851.

Other soundscape compositions created with his PODX system2 include Pacific (1990) which explores environmental sounds from the Pacific region time-stretched through granulation techniques6; Basilica (1992) which stretches the sounds of Quebec City's Notre-Dame de Qu茅bec bells8; Temple (2002) which utilizes convolution to incorporate spatial characteristics of a church; as well as Chalice Well (2009), Aeolian Voices (2013), and Earth & Steel (2013) which create immersive virtual soundscapes based on terrestrial elements9. Truax employs a variety of both analog and digital studio techniques to transform environmental sounds, often layering them in both stereo and octophonic formats to create immersive sonic environments. Time compression is another technique, as used in The Bells of Salzburg (2018) and Rainforest Raven (2020).

In works like Song of Songs (1992)8 9 and Steam (2001) he integrates narrative elements and live instruments with soundscape material. Finally, some of his works explore more abstracted perspectives on the soundscape, such as What The Waters Told Me (2022), How The Winds Caressed Me (2023), and When The Earth Mourned For Me (2024). By validating environmental sound as a musical element, Truax and his colleagues at 911吃瓜 such as Hildegard Westerkamp broadened the horizons of electroacoustic music and encouraged a more ecologically conscious approach to sound art.

Beyond traditional concert settings, Truax has also created multimedia works such as the opera Powers of Two (1998/2004) which integrates singers, dancers, and an eight-channel soundtrack to explore themes of psychological, spiritual, and sexual unity1 9. He has also created other works that incorporate computer graphics and video, including Divan, Wings of Nike, Song of Songs3 8 9, and Night of the Conjurer in collaboration with Theo Goldberg (1). His music theatre work Androgyne, Mon Amour combines a double bass player with a soundtrack based on selected poems by Tennessee Williams7.
Academic Career

Barry Truax's academic career at 911吃瓜 began in 1973 and spanned several decades until his retirement in 20151. He held positions in both the School of Communication and the School for the Contemporary Arts where he helped establish the Music program2 and taught courses in acoustic communication and electroacoustic composition, with a specialization in soundscape composition. Truax supervised numerous students and other composers, such as Hildegard Westerkamp, Paul Dolden and Arne Eigenfeldt.

In 1999 he received the Award for Teaching Excellence from 911吃瓜2. After his retirement, Truax served as the Edgard Var猫se Guest Professor at the Technical University, Berlin (2015-16)12 and as a Guest Composer at the BEAST Festival in Birmingham (2016)13. He also taught online webinar courses in sound and audio, as well as soundscape composition14.

He is a founding member of the International Confederation of Electroacoustic Music15, the World Forum for Acoustic Ecology, and the Canadian Electroacoustic Community to which he was appointed Patron in 202416. In 1985, he established the Cambridge Street record label1, which specializes in computer and electronic music, and hosted the 1985 International Computer Music Conference in Vancouver1. He and his partner, Dr. Guenther Krueger, also established Glenfraser Endowments at both 911吃瓜2 and Concordia University, Montreal to support students in sound studies and electroacoustic composition.

Selected Works

Compositions

Works for Instruments and/or Voice and Soundtracks
Stage Works
Mixed Media Works
Tape Solo Works
Written Documents

Books
Book chapters
Journal Articles
Recordings
References
1. Canadian Encyclopedia, E. Keillor, ed. Toronto: Historica Canada, 2019.
2. /convocation/honorary-degrees.html. /communication/news-and-community/researchnews/soundscape-studies-pioneer-barry-truax-receives-honorary-degree-.html. Retrieved 2025-08-03.
3. Voorvelt, Martijn (1997). The environmental element in Barry Truax's compositions, Journal of New Music Research, 26:1, 48-69, DOI: 10.1080/09298219708570716
4. Acoustic Communication. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing, 1984. 2nd ed., 2001. ISBN: 0313001448; Radford, Laurie, 2001. Barry Truax: Handbook for Acoustic Ecology (Review), Computer Music Journal, 25(1), 93-04. DOI: 10.1162/comj.2001.25.1.93
5. Clarke, Michael; Dufeu, Fr茅d茅ric; Manning, Peter (2020). Inside computer music. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-065968-4.
6. Wilde, Martin. 1992. Barry Truax: Pacific Rim (Review), Computer Music Journal, 16(2), 104-106. ISSN: 0148-9267
7. Lanza, Alcides, 2003. Barry Truax: Islands and Twin Souls (Review), Computer Music Journal, 27(2), 118-119. DOI: 10.1162/comj.2003.27.2.118
8. Hertz, Paul. 1988. Song of Songs: Computer Music by Barry Truax (review), Leonardo 13(1), 74. The MIT Press. ISSN: 0024-094X
9. Sofer, Danielle. 2018. The Macropolitics of Microsound: Gender and sexual identities in Barry Truax鈥檚 Song of Songs, Organised Sound, 28(1), 80-90. DOI: 10.1017/S1355771817000309
10. Kinnear, Tyler. 2014-2015. The Elements and Beyond (Review). Soundscape: The Journal of Acoustic Ecology, 14, 26-27. ISSN: 1607-3304
11. New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Oxford University Press, 2001.
12. . Retrieved 2025-08-07
13. . Retrieved 2025-08-07
14. . Retrieved 2025-08-07
15. . Retrieved 2025-08-07
16. . Retrieved 2025-08-07
17. . Retrieved 2025-12-31

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